在管理實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)，不少鄉(xiāng)村或個(gè)體瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組，由于運(yùn)行人員文化程度低，加上沒(méi)有受到正規(guī)、系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，他們?nèi)狈?duì)瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)行維護(hù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，致使發(fā)電機(jī)長(zhǎng)期帶病低效運(yùn)行，影響了水電站的安全和效益。下面就水電站發(fā)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行維護(hù)，有以下幾點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和體會(huì)，供瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行管理人員參考。

　　In management practice, it has been found that many rural or individual gas generator units lack experience in the operation and maintenance of gas generator units due to the low educational level of the operating personnel and the lack of formal and systematic technical training, resulting in long-term and inefficient operation of the generators, which affects the safety and efficiency of hydropower stations. Below are some experiences and insights on the operation and maintenance of hydroelectric power generators, for the reference of operation and management personnel of gas generator units.

　　1、保持發(fā)電機(jī)的清潔

　　1. Keep the generator clean

　　經(jīng)常清除發(fā)電機(jī)表面的油污和灰塵，定期清除發(fā)電機(jī)的電刷粉末,灰塵和電刷粉末被吸入到發(fā)電機(jī)的內(nèi)部，會(huì)造成發(fā)電機(jī)的絕緣降低，甚至?xí)鸢l(fā)電機(jī)的內(nèi)部短。清掃方法可用高壓氣筒打氣吹清潔,也可用毛刷進(jìn)行清掃，再用干凈布蘸上酒精清除污垢和電刷粉末，特別是發(fā)電機(jī)的電刷滑環(huán)部位要定期認(rèn)真進(jìn)行清潔。

　　Regularly remove oil and dust from the surface of the generator, and regularly clean the brush powder of the generator. If dust and brush powder are sucked into the interior of the generator, it can cause a decrease in insulation and even lead to internal short circuits of the generator. The cleaning method can be to use a high-pressure air cylinder to blow and clean, or to use a brush for cleaning. Then, use a clean cloth dipped in alcohol to remove dirt and brush powder, especially the brush slip ring of the generator, which should be cleaned regularly and carefully.

　　2、經(jīng)常對(duì)電刷滑環(huán)進(jìn)行檢查和維護(hù)

　　2. Regularly inspect and maintain the electric brush slip ring

　　發(fā)電機(jī)能否安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行，與正確進(jìn)行滑環(huán)維護(hù)，正確選擇電刷，有著極其重要的關(guān)系。往往由于電刷的選用不當(dāng)，滑環(huán)的維護(hù)不及時(shí)，加速了發(fā)電機(jī)電刷、滑環(huán)的磨損。有時(shí)磨損落下的碳粉與銅末，吸入線(xiàn)圈端頭而引起短路，燒壞繞組，致使發(fā)電機(jī)不能正常運(yùn)行，無(wú)功出力不足,影響機(jī)組的安全和效率,因此，必須經(jīng)常對(duì)電刷滑環(huán)進(jìn)行檢查和維護(hù)。

　　The safe and stable operation of the generator is closely related to the correct maintenance of the slip ring and the proper selection of the electric brush. Often due to improper selection of electric brushes and untimely maintenance of slip rings, the wear of generator brushes and slip rings is accelerated. Sometimes the carbon powder and copper powder that fall from wear and tear can be sucked into the coil end, causing a short circuit and burning out the winding, resulting in the generator being unable to operate normally, insufficient reactive power output, and affecting the safety and efficiency of the unit. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly inspect and maintain the electric brush slip ring.

　　運(yùn)行中的電刷必須在滑環(huán)的中心線(xiàn)上，電刷與刷握配合不能太緊，要保證電刷在刷握之間有0.1~0.2mm的間隙，太緊了可稍微磨小電刷尺寸。允許電刷在刷握內(nèi)有少量的縱向跳動(dòng)，允許電刷有少量火花，但跳動(dòng)過(guò)大或火花嚴(yán)重,必須進(jìn)行維修。如果電刷位置不在中心線(xiàn)上，可調(diào)整刷桿或者刷握位置，固定刷辮的螺栓應(yīng)當(dāng)緊固。刷握的彈簧必須有一定的壓力，且不能太緊、太松或者松緊不均，應(yīng)調(diào)整彈簧的壓力使之大小適中且均勻。

　　The running electric brush must be on the center line of the slip ring, and the fit between the electric brush and the brush holder should not be too tight. It is necessary to ensure that there is a gap of 0.1-0.2mm between the electric brush and the brush holder. If it is too tight, the size of the electric brush can be slightly reduced. Allow a small amount of longitudinal runout of the brush holder and a small amount of spark in the brush, but if the runout is too large or the spark is severe, maintenance must be carried out. If the position of the brush is not on the centerline, the position of the brush rod or brush holder can be adjusted, and the bolts fixing the brush braid should be tightened. The spring of the brush holder must have a certain amount of pressure, and should not be too tight, too loose, or unevenly tensioned. The pressure of the spring should be adjusted to be moderate and uniform in size.

　　電刷磨損過(guò)度，或者使用的電刷型號(hào)不對(duì)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重火花燒壞滑環(huán)，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行更換。更換電刷要使用原發(fā)電機(jī)廠家規(guī)定型號(hào)的電刷，或者符合滑環(huán)技術(shù)要求的電刷。如果不清楚電刷的型號(hào)時(shí)，對(duì)于發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速1000r/min及以下的，可以采用D104型石墨電刷。每次更換電刷的數(shù)量不能超過(guò)電刷總數(shù)的1/3，而且與滑環(huán)的接觸面要研磨成弧形，使之與滑環(huán)接觸良好。

　　Excessive wear of the electric brush, or using the wrong type of electric brush, can cause serious sparks and burn out the slip ring. It should be replaced in a timely manner. To replace the electric brush, use the electric brush specified by the original generator manufacturer or the electric brush that meets the technical requirements of the slip ring. If the model of the brush is unclear, D104 graphite brush can be used for generator speeds of 1000r/min and below. The number of brushes replaced each time should not exceed one-third of the total number of brushes, and the contact surface with the slip ring should be ground into an arc shape to ensure good contact with the slip ring.

　　發(fā)電機(jī)滑環(huán)的表面應(yīng)當(dāng)圓而光滑，否則會(huì)加速電刷的磨損，引起電刷火花嚴(yán)重，燒蝕滑環(huán).滑環(huán)表面燒毛不光滑或者有小的凹槽，必須進(jìn)行修復(fù)。其方法是慢慢轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子,用平細(xì)銼刀用力平壓在滑環(huán)上，對(duì)滑環(huán)表面進(jìn)行打磨，然后在平木條面上鋪上00號(hào)細(xì)玻璃砂紙，對(duì)滑環(huán)表面進(jìn)行研磨精光，最后用毛刷仔細(xì)清除銼刀屑和砂紙屑。大的凹槽或者刷滑嚴(yán)重失圓時(shí)，必須拆下滑環(huán)用車(chē)床修復(fù)。滑環(huán)與電刷接觸不良產(chǎn)生高溫，會(huì)使滑環(huán)上的螺栓絕緣套管老化甚至燒壞，引起勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)短路。如果該絕緣套管被燒壞，又無(wú)備品更換，可用干燥的小竹管替代。方法是，選擇一段干燥的小竹管(竹管的空心應(yīng)與螺栓的直徑相同)，將螺栓穿入空心的竹管內(nèi)，慢慢刮削竹管的外圓，使穿有螺栓的竹管正好能穿過(guò)滑環(huán)上的孔，切去多余的部分，裝上絕緣墊片，緊固螺栓即可。

　　The surface of the generator slip ring should be round and smooth, otherwise it will accelerate the wear of the electric brush, cause serious sparks from the electric brush, and burn the slip ring The surface of the slip ring is not smooth or has small grooves, which must be repaired. The method is to slowly rotate the rotor, use a flat and fine file to press it firmly onto the slip ring, polish the surface of the slip ring, then lay 00 grit glass sandpaper on the flat wooden strip surface to polish the slip ring surface, and finally carefully remove the file debris and sandpaper debris with a brush. When there is a large groove or severe brush slip, the slip ring must be removed and repaired with a lathe. Poor contact between the slip ring and the electric brush can generate high temperatures, which can cause the insulation sleeve of the bolts on the slip ring to age or even burn out, resulting in a short circuit in the excitation system. If the insulation sleeve is burned out and there are no spare parts to replace, a dry small bamboo tube can be used as a substitute. The method is to select a dry small bamboo tube (the hollow of the bamboo tube should be the same diameter as the bolt), thread the bolt into the hollow bamboo tube, slowly scrape the outer circle of the bamboo tube, so that the bamboo tube with the bolt can pass through the hole on the slip ring, cut off the excess part, install the insulation pad, and tighten the bolt.

　　3、加強(qiáng)運(yùn)行中發(fā)電機(jī)的監(jiān)視和檢查

　　3. Strengthen the monitoring and inspection of generators during operation

　　（1）發(fā)電機(jī)繞組溫度、發(fā)電機(jī)軸承溫度的檢查監(jiān)視

　　(1) Inspection and monitoring of generator winding temperature and generator bearing temperature

　　對(duì)正在運(yùn)行的發(fā)電機(jī)，可用手背接觸發(fā)電機(jī)外殼,檢查其溫度是否正常，與過(guò)去相比是否有大的變化等異常。用眼睛觀察運(yùn)行中的發(fā)電機(jī)出線(xiàn)接頭，看其溫度是否過(guò)高、接觸不良造成接頭發(fā)熱。發(fā)熱不嚴(yán)重的顏色為灰黑色，發(fā)熱嚴(yán)重的呈紅色。也可以用絕緣小棒，棒頭沾一點(diǎn)水觸及發(fā)電機(jī)被測(cè)試相的出線(xiàn)樁頭，如果溫度過(guò)高則會(huì)散發(fā)熱氣。但應(yīng)注意,嚴(yán)禁同時(shí)觸及兩相接線(xiàn)樁頭，以防發(fā)生短路。也可以停機(jī)切斷電源后，立即用手觸摸發(fā)電機(jī)出線(xiàn)接頭和勵(lì)磁線(xiàn)接頭，查看其溫度是否過(guò)高，如過(guò)高必須立即進(jìn)行處理。銅鋁導(dǎo)線(xiàn)相連接時(shí)，接頭應(yīng)該采用銅鋁接線(xiàn)鼻或者銅鋁設(shè)備線(xiàn)夾，最好在接合面上涂一層導(dǎo)電膏。發(fā)電機(jī)出線(xiàn)接頭必須緊固可靠，接線(xiàn)螺栓的上下兩面都要有墊片。緊固銅螺栓時(shí)必須緩慢用力擰緊,全部擰緊后，還要檢查一遍，確保萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。

　　For a running generator, you can touch the generator casing with your hand to check if its temperature is normal and if there are any significant changes compared to the past. Observe the running generator outlet connector with your eyes to see if its temperature is too high or if poor contact causes the connector to heat up. The color of mild fever is gray black, while severe fever is red. An insulated rod can also be used, with the tip of the rod dipped in a little water and touching the output pile head of the tested phase of the generator. If the temperature is too high, it will emit hot air. However, it should be noted that it is strictly prohibited to touch the two phase connection pile heads at the same time to prevent short circuits. You can also stop the machine and cut off the power supply, and immediately touch the generator outlet connector and excitation line connector with your hand to check if their temperature is too high. If it is too high, it must be dealt with immediately. When connecting copper aluminum wires, copper aluminum wire connectors or copper aluminum equipment clamps should be used for the joints, and it is best to apply a layer of conductive paste on the joint surface. The generator outlet joint must be securely fastened, and there should be gaskets on both sides of the wiring bolt. When tightening copper bolts, they must be tightened slowly and forcefully. After tightening them all, they should be checked again to ensure that everything is foolproof.

　　（2）發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)行聲音及振動(dòng)的檢查監(jiān)視

　　(2) Inspection and monitoring of generator operation sound and vibration

　　發(fā)電機(jī)地腳螺栓松動(dòng)或者損壞，會(huì)引起機(jī)組振動(dòng),應(yīng)當(dāng)緊固螺栓或者更換損壞的螺栓。發(fā)電機(jī)的軸承部位出現(xiàn)異常振動(dòng)和響聲，有可能是發(fā)電機(jī)的軸承缺少潤(rùn)滑油或者軸承損壞，必須進(jìn)行加油或更換。發(fā)電機(jī)采用的是滾動(dòng)軸承一般選用2號(hào)或3號(hào)鈉基潤(rùn)滑脂或鈣鈉基潤(rùn)滑脂，不同規(guī)格的潤(rùn)滑脂不能混合使用，以免油脂變質(zhì).每運(yùn)行2500~3000h，應(yīng)清洗軸承，更換新油脂，加油脂時(shí)應(yīng)注意以軸承腔容積的2/3為宜。正常的發(fā)電機(jī)在運(yùn)行中應(yīng)有均勻的“嗡嗡”聲，否則應(yīng)立即停機(jī)檢查檢修。

　　Loose or damaged foundation bolts of the generator can cause vibration of the unit, and the bolts should be tightened or the damaged bolts replaced. Abnormal vibration and noise in the bearing parts of the generator may be due to a lack of lubricating oil or damage to the bearings, which must be refueled or replaced. The generator uses rolling bearings and generally uses No.2 or No.3 sodium based grease or calcium sodium based grease. Different specifications of grease cannot be mixed to avoid grease deterioration Every 2500-3000 hours of operation, the bearings should be cleaned and new grease should be replaced. When adding grease, it is advisable to use 2/3 of the bearing chamber volume. A normal generator should have a uniform buzzing sound during operation, otherwise it should be immediately shut down for inspection and maintenance.

　　（3）發(fā)電機(jī)電流、勵(lì)磁電流、電壓的監(jiān)視要對(duì)定子電流、勵(lì)磁電流、電壓、功率進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),防止發(fā)電機(jī)過(guò)負(fù)荷、缺相，發(fā)電機(jī)定子、勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)及發(fā)電機(jī)外部電路等發(fā)生故障而損壞發(fā)電機(jī)。運(yùn)行中還要監(jiān)視發(fā)電機(jī)是否有異常氣味，發(fā)電機(jī)有異常氣味，必須立即停機(jī)檢查和檢修。

　　(3) The monitoring of generator current, excitation current, and voltage requires monitoring of stator current, excitation current, voltage, and power to prevent generator overload, phase loss, and damage to the generator caused by faults in the stator, excitation system, and external circuits. During operation, it is also necessary to monitor whether the generator has any abnormal odor. If the generator has any abnormal odor, it must be stopped immediately for inspection and maintenance.

　　（4）要預(yù)防鼠害實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)不少發(fā)電機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)有老鼠，咬破發(fā)電機(jī)線(xiàn)圈，對(duì)發(fā)電機(jī)的危害極大。因此，要在發(fā)電機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)進(jìn)行滅鼠，還要對(duì)發(fā)電機(jī)的進(jìn)風(fēng)口、端蓋處空隙安裝防護(hù)網(wǎng)，并定期對(duì)發(fā)電機(jī)的端蓋及氣隙槽進(jìn)行清理。

　　(4) In practice, it has been found that there are many mice in the generator room that bite through the generator coil, posing great harm to the generator. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out rodent control in the generator room, install protective nets at the air inlet and end cover gaps of the generator, and regularly clean the end cover and air gap groove of the generator.

　　本文由  瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組  友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊  http://www.ttyule.net.cn/   真誠(chéng)的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請(qǐng)期待.

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