焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱發(fā)電工藝焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱發(fā)電工藝主要包括尾氣回收及循環(huán)系統(tǒng)、余熱鍋爐系統(tǒng)、發(fā)電機(jī)及汽輪機(jī)系統(tǒng)三部分。尾氣回收系統(tǒng)主要由煙氣引導(dǎo)管、煙囪、煙筒遮斷閥和煙氣的流量控制閥組成，其主要功能是將帶冷機(jī)煙罩內(nèi)溫度比較高的煙氣經(jīng)余熱鍋爐引風(fēng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的額負(fù)壓引到余熱鍋爐內(nèi)，同時(shí)避免鍋爐外的冷風(fēng)進(jìn)入鍋爐內(nèi)。余熱鍋爐系統(tǒng)是余熱回收的核心部分，其主要功能是在余熱鍋爐受熱面上，熱量經(jīng)高溫?zé)煔庵鸺?jí)傳遞到受熱面上，生成水蒸氣。發(fā)電機(jī)及汽輪機(jī)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的主要作用是將蒸汽攜帶的熱量轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)將焦?fàn)t尾氣的余熱轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。其中，汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)組在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的熱量，這些熱量可通過(guò)尾氣換熱器和熱交換器由循環(huán)冷卻液導(dǎo)出，循環(huán)冷卻液可通過(guò)板式換熱器加熱外供循環(huán)水，對(duì)外提供熱量。循環(huán)冷卻水在板式換熱器的進(jìn)口溫度為90℃，出口溫度為70℃，通過(guò)循環(huán)冷卻水與外供循環(huán)水換熱，可以將外供水的溫度加熱到80℃以上，滿(mǎn)足冬季供暖和洗浴等要求。有條件的單位可以將發(fā)電機(jī)組的余熱再利用，提供生活生產(chǎn)用蒸汽、熱水以及帶動(dòng)中央空調(diào)，通過(guò)電熱綜合利用方式，焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱的利用效率可達(dá)到70％～85％。

　　The coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation process mainly includes three parts: tail gas recovery and circulation system, waste heat boiler system, generator and turbine system. The exhaust gas recovery system mainly consists of a flue gas guide pipe, chimney, chimney shut-off valve, and a flow control valve for the flue gas. Its main function is to guide the flue gas with relatively high temperature inside the cooling hood into the waste heat boiler through the negative pressure generated by the induced draft fan of the waste heat boiler, while avoiding cold air from outside the boiler from entering the boiler. The waste heat boiler system is the core part of waste heat recovery, and its main function is to transfer heat to the heating surface of the waste heat boiler step by step through high-temperature flue gas, generating water vapor. The main function of the generator and turbine power generation system is to convert the heat carried by steam into electrical energy, ultimately achieving the conversion of waste heat from coke oven exhaust into electrical energy. Among them, the steam turbine generator unit generates a large amount of heat during operation, which can be exported from the circulating coolant through the exhaust gas heat exchanger and heat exchanger. The circulating coolant can be heated by the plate heat exchanger to provide external circulating water and heat. The inlet temperature of the circulating cooling water in the plate heat exchanger is 90 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 70 ℃. By exchanging heat with the externally supplied circulating water, the temperature of the externally supplied water can be heated to above 80 ℃, meeting the requirements of winter heating and bathing. Conditional units can reuse the waste heat from the generator set, provide steam and hot water for daily life and production, and drive central air conditioning. Through the comprehensive utilization of electric and heat, the utilization efficiency of coke oven tail gas waste heat can reach 70% to 85%.

　　焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱發(fā)電的設(shè)備選用余熱鍋爐和發(fā)電機(jī)組的選擇是焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備。其中，余熱鍋爐一般選擇立式余熱鍋爐，其可以徹底解決臥式鍋爐內(nèi)溫度場(chǎng)實(shí)際分布與鍋爐設(shè)計(jì)溫度不相符以及漏風(fēng)等問(wèn)題，大大提高鍋爐蒸汽產(chǎn)量，廢氣余熱可以得到充分利用。發(fā)電機(jī)組的選擇一般包括內(nèi)燃機(jī)式發(fā)電機(jī)組、燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組以及傳統(tǒng)的蒸汽輪機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組。小型焦化企業(yè)可以采用單機(jī)容量較小的燃?xì)猓话阌糜?0～20萬(wàn)t以下的焦化企業(yè)；中型焦化企業(yè)的焦?fàn)t煤氣發(fā)電可選用單機(jī)容量稍大的；大型焦化企業(yè)的煤氣發(fā)電可以選用傳統(tǒng)鍋爐一蒸汽輪機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組。

　　The selection of equipment for coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation, including waste heat boilers and generator sets, is a key component of the coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation system. Among them, vertical waste heat boilers are generally selected as waste heat boilers, which can completely solve the problems of temperature distribution in horizontal boilers not matching the design temperature of the boiler and air leakage, greatly improving the steam production of the boiler and fully utilizing the waste heat of exhaust gas. The selection of generator sets generally includes internal combustion engine generator sets, gas turbine generator sets, and traditional steam turbine generator sets. Small coking enterprises can use gas with smaller unit capacity, generally used for coking enterprises with less than 100000 to 200000 tons; Medium sized coking enterprises can choose coke oven gas power generation with slightly larger unit capacity; Large coking enterprises can use traditional boiler steam turbine generator sets for gas power generation.

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