焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組構(gòu)成及發(fā)電原理在工程中各發(fā)電廠所使用的焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組品牌不同，有國(guó)內(nèi)設(shè)備、也有國(guó)外設(shè)備，其功率大小也不盡相同，但從整個(gè)瓦斯發(fā)電工藝流程來看是一致的，其系統(tǒng)都是由進(jìn)氣排氣系統(tǒng)、點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)、潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)、冷卻系統(tǒng)、綜合控制等系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成。瓦斯電站布局示意圖煤層氣發(fā)電工程中都建有儲(chǔ)氣柜，保證燃機(jī)用氣的穩(wěn)定。

　　The composition and power generation principle of coking gas generator units vary among different brands of coking gas generator units used in various power plants in the project, including domestic and foreign equipment, and their power levels are also different. However, from the perspective of the entire gas power generation process, they are consistent, and their systems are composed of intake and exhaust systems, ignition systems, lubrication systems, cooling systems, comprehensive control systems, etc. Gas power station layout diagram: Gas storage tanks are built in coalbed methane power generation projects to ensure the stability of gas supply for gas turbines.

　　儲(chǔ)氣柜中的瓦斯氣體經(jīng)過瓦斯氣預(yù)處理系統(tǒng)后，到達(dá)燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組進(jìn)入燃機(jī)混合器中，同時(shí)空氣經(jīng)過空氣濾芯后同時(shí)進(jìn)入混合器。在燃機(jī)混合器內(nèi)，燃機(jī)對(duì)空氣和瓦斯氣進(jìn)行自動(dòng)配比后形成混合氣體，混合氣體經(jīng)過渦輪增壓器后，再經(jīng)過冷卻器進(jìn)行兩級(jí)冷卻，使氣體溫度穩(wěn)定在一定范圍內(nèi)，通過不斷調(diào)整節(jié)氣閥，從而調(diào)整進(jìn)氣量，最后進(jìn)入氣缸內(nèi)進(jìn)行壓縮、做功，從而使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)進(jìn)行發(fā)電。焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組經(jīng)做功排出的廢氣一般供給余熱鍋爐及其他換熱設(shè)備或直接排入大氣中。

　　The gas in the gas storage tank passes through the gas pre-treatment system and enters the gas turbine mixer. At the same time, the air passes through the air filter and enters the mixer. In the gas turbine mixer, the gas turbine automatically proportions air and gas to form a mixed gas. After passing through the turbocharger, the mixed gas is cooled in two stages by the cooler to stabilize the gas temperature within a certain range. By continuously adjusting the throttle valve, the intake air volume is adjusted, and finally it enters the cylinder for compression and work, so that the engine drives the generator to generate electricity. The exhaust gas discharged from the coking gas generator unit through work is generally supplied to waste heat boilers and other heat exchange equipment or directly discharged into the atmosphere.

　　焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組電氣系統(tǒng)調(diào)試

　　Electrical system commissioning of coking gas generator set

　　焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組中機(jī)務(wù)、熱工、電氣等系統(tǒng)試運(yùn)行前必須經(jīng)過調(diào)試才可以投運(yùn)，這是機(jī)組安全投運(yùn)的重要保證，其中電氣系統(tǒng)調(diào)試主要流程見圖1。  電氣系統(tǒng)調(diào)試流程

　　Before the trial operation of the mechanical, thermal, electrical and other systems in the coking gas generator unit, they must be debugged, which is an important guarantee for the safe operation of the unit. The main process of electrical system debugging is shown in Figure 1. Electrical system debugging process

　　1.調(diào)試準(zhǔn)備焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組本體設(shè)備安裝、內(nèi)部與外部系統(tǒng)一次電纜、二次電纜接線完畢，具備合格的交直流電源并具備送電條件，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試照明設(shè)施及消防安全設(shè)施齊備。焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的圖紙及技術(shù)資料齊全，發(fā)電機(jī)組保護(hù)及自動(dòng)控制裝置的整定值計(jì)算及相關(guān)參數(shù)設(shè)定值已經(jīng)計(jì)算、匯總完成。調(diào)試用微機(jī)保護(hù)校驗(yàn)儀、數(shù)字式絕緣電阻測(cè)試儀、高壓核相器、相序表、數(shù)字相位表、互感器特性測(cè)試儀、機(jī)組啟動(dòng)測(cè)控儀、高壓耐壓試驗(yàn)儀等調(diào)試設(shè)備齊全，設(shè)備性能符合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試要求、安全可靠且在鑒定有效期內(nèi)。

　　1. Preparation for commissioning: The installation of the main equipment of the coking gas generator unit, the wiring of the primary and secondary cables of the internal and external systems, and the qualified AC/DC power supply and power transmission conditions have been completed. The on-site commissioning lighting facilities and fire safety facilities are complete. The drawings and technical data of the coking gas generator unit are complete, and the setting values and related parameter settings of the generator unit protection and automatic control devices have been calculated and summarized. The debugging equipment includes microcomputer protection calibrator, digital insulation resistance tester, high-voltage core phase transformer, phase sequence meter, digital phase meter, transformer characteristic tester, unit start-up measurement and control instrument, high-voltage withstand voltage tester, etc. The equipment performance meets the requirements of on-site debugging, is safe and reliable, and is within the validity period of identification.

　　2.控制系統(tǒng)帶電及輔助設(shè)備試運(yùn)

　　2. Control system live and auxiliary equipment trial operation

　　依據(jù)設(shè)備廠家提供的控制柜接線圖檢查內(nèi)部接線回路、各回路元器件及插件安裝情況。確認(rèn)沒有卡件松動(dòng)、導(dǎo)線虛接等情況。然后使系統(tǒng)控制柜內(nèi)所有電源開關(guān)處于斷開位置，用500V絕緣電阻測(cè)試儀測(cè)量線路對(duì)外殼絕緣電阻，應(yīng)無(wú)短路、接地現(xiàn)象。對(duì)地絕緣電阻值應(yīng)滿足設(shè)計(jì)及相關(guān)技術(shù)規(guī)范要求。檢查外部電源情況正常后。按技術(shù)說明書依次投入各路控制電源。使機(jī)組本體綜合電子管理系統(tǒng)、輔助設(shè)備控制系統(tǒng)帶電。送電后觀察控制柜中裝置面板的指示燈是否點(diǎn)亮、顯示是否正常。修改電子管理系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘及各系統(tǒng)參數(shù)，斷、合直流電源后，各參數(shù)應(yīng)保證不變。有雙路電源供電的應(yīng)進(jìn)行冗余電源切換試驗(yàn)。在機(jī)組機(jī)務(wù)、熱工等調(diào)試人員配合下，檢查燃機(jī)系統(tǒng)中變頻裝置、冷卻風(fēng)機(jī)、潤(rùn)滑油泵、電動(dòng)門、電磁閥等燃機(jī)輔助設(shè)備是否具備送電條件，確認(rèn)無(wú)誤后對(duì)附屬設(shè)備進(jìn)行送電及試運(yùn)行，試驗(yàn)合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照各專業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行。

　　Check the internal wiring circuit, components and plug-in installation of each circuit according to the control cabinet wiring diagram provided by the equipment manufacturer. Confirm that there are no loose card components or loose wire connections. Then make all power switches in the system control cabinet in the disconnected position, and use a 500V insulation resistance tester to measure the insulation resistance of the circuit to the shell. There should be no short circuit or grounding phenomenon. The ground insulation resistance value should meet the requirements of the design and relevant technical specifications. After checking that the external power supply is functioning properly. Input each control power supply in sequence according to the technical manual. Make the integrated electronic management system and auxiliary equipment control system of the unit live. After power transmission, observe whether the indicator lights on the device panel in the control cabinet are lit and whether the display is normal. Modify the clock and various system parameters of the electronic management system, and ensure that all parameters remain unchanged after disconnecting and connecting the DC power supply. Redundant power switching test should be conducted for those with dual power supply. With the cooperation of the unit maintenance and thermal commissioning personnel, check whether the auxiliary equipment of the gas turbine system, such as the frequency converter, cooling fan, lubricating oil pump, electric door, solenoid valve, etc., have the power transmission conditions. After confirming that there are no errors, power transmission and trial operation of the auxiliary equipment are carried out. The qualified test standards shall be implemented in accordance with the standards of each profession.

　　3.機(jī)組發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子、定子及互感器試驗(yàn)

　　3. Test of rotor, stator and transformer of the generator unit

　　焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組中一次設(shè)備除發(fā)電機(jī)定子、轉(zhuǎn)子外，一般還帶有電流及電壓互感器。對(duì)于封裝在機(jī)組內(nèi)部的互感器可以不進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，重點(diǎn)檢查出廠試驗(yàn)報(bào)告相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)是否滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，具備試驗(yàn)條件的按交接試驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行。試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目及合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照電氣裝置安裝工程電氣設(shè)備交接試驗(yàn)相關(guān)要求執(zhí)行，主要試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目有轉(zhuǎn)子定子絕緣電阻、繞組直流電阻、互感器變比、接線組別及極性、勵(lì)磁特性曲線、交流耐壓等試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)測(cè)量結(jié)果應(yīng)滿足規(guī)范和制造廠設(shè)計(jì)文件要求。所有試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目嚴(yán)格按規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及電氣設(shè)備調(diào)試作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書的要求進(jìn)行。保證測(cè)量結(jié)果真實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確。試驗(yàn)過程中對(duì)安裝完的設(shè)備及接線拆動(dòng)的，試驗(yàn)完成后必須按安裝的設(shè)計(jì)要求恢復(fù)。同時(shí)為了防止設(shè)備污染或損壞，調(diào)試完成后必須恢復(fù)設(shè)備原有的防護(hù)罩及相關(guān)保護(hù)設(shè)施。部分設(shè)備需要廠家指導(dǎo)及協(xié)助進(jìn)行的調(diào)試項(xiàng)目，調(diào)試前需要及時(shí)聯(lián)系廠家到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，并積極配合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)技術(shù)人員，落實(shí)好安全技術(shù)措施。調(diào)試中如果遇到問題。必須及時(shí)解決并報(bào)告主管負(fù)責(zé)人。

　　In addition to the stator and rotor of the generator, the primary equipment in coking gas generator sets generally also includes current and voltage transformers. For transformers packaged inside the unit, testing is not required. The focus is on checking whether the relevant data in the factory test report meets the standard requirements. If the testing conditions are met, the handover test standards shall be followed. The test items and qualification standards shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant requirements of the electrical equipment handover test for electrical installation engineering. The main test items include rotor stator insulation resistance, winding DC resistance, transformer ratio, wiring group and polarity, excitation characteristic curve, AC withstand voltage and other tests. The test measurement results shall meet the requirements of the specifications and manufacturer's design documents. All experimental projects shall be strictly carried out in accordance with the requirements of the specifications, standards, and electrical equipment commissioning operation manual. Ensure that the measurement results are true and accurate. During the experiment, if the installed equipment and wiring are disassembled, they must be restored according to the installation design requirements after the experiment is completed. At the same time, in order to prevent equipment contamination or damage, the original protective cover and related protective facilities of the equipment must be restored after debugging is completed. Some equipment requires guidance and assistance from the manufacturer for debugging projects. Before debugging, it is necessary to promptly contact the manufacturer to arrive at the site and actively cooperate with on-site technical personnel to implement safety technical measures. If encountering problems during debugging. It must be resolved promptly and reported to the supervisor in charge.

　　4.機(jī)組電氣保護(hù)整定及傳動(dòng)試驗(yàn)

　　4. Electrical protection setting and transmission test of the unit

　　焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的電氣保護(hù)一般設(shè)置有過載、高頻低頻、差動(dòng)、接地、勵(lì)磁故障等，不同的廠家保護(hù)配置有所不同。試驗(yàn)時(shí)參照燃機(jī)電氣保護(hù)裝置技術(shù)文件，對(duì)定值單的內(nèi)容逐項(xiàng)進(jìn)行核對(duì)，設(shè)置保護(hù)模塊中機(jī)組發(fā)電機(jī)各側(cè)的CT變比、PT變比、電流電壓值及各種保護(hù)參數(shù)。調(diào)試時(shí)用繼電保護(hù)測(cè)試儀對(duì)保護(hù)模塊進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的模擬故障試驗(yàn)，使保護(hù)可靠動(dòng)作，檢查各插件面板指示燈動(dòng)作及出口繼電器輸出情況，用萬(wàn)用表在端子排查該保護(hù)的所有跳閘出口接點(diǎn)動(dòng)作是否正確，外部有連鎖的接點(diǎn)檢查連鎖動(dòng)作情況。一般應(yīng)重點(diǎn)檢查發(fā)電機(jī)保護(hù)動(dòng)作后連鎖跳閘出口高壓開關(guān)、瓦斯氣預(yù)處理系統(tǒng)輸入及排空閥、廠區(qū)鍋爐系統(tǒng)等連鎖動(dòng)作情況。驗(yàn)證各系統(tǒng)邏輯動(dòng)作的準(zhǔn)確性及可靠性。試驗(yàn)過程中需要注意跳閘出口繼電器輸出接點(diǎn)極性應(yīng)與外回路直流電源極性配合。

　　The electrical protection of coking gas generator units generally includes overload, high frequency and low frequency, differential, grounding, excitation faults, etc., and the protection configuration varies among different manufacturers. During the experiment, refer to the technical documents of the gas turbine electrical protection device, check the contents of the fixed value sheet item by item, and set the CT ratio, PT ratio, current and voltage values, and various protection parameters on each side of the generator in the protection module. During debugging, use a relay protection tester to conduct corresponding simulated fault tests on the protection module to ensure reliable operation of the protection. Check the operation of the indicator lights on each plugin panel and the output of the outlet relay. Use a multimeter to check whether all the tripping outlet contacts of the protection are operating correctly at the terminals. Check the interlocking operation of external contacts with interlocking connections. Generally, it is important to focus on checking the interlocking actions of the high-voltage switch at the outlet of the generator after the protection action, the input and exhaust valves of the gas pre-treatment system, and the boiler system in the factory area. Verify the accuracy and reliability of the logical actions of each system. During the experiment, it is important to note that the polarity of the output contact of the trip outlet relay should be coordinated with the polarity of the external DC power supply.

　　5.機(jī)組啟動(dòng)及并網(wǎng)

　　5. Unit start-up and grid connection

　　按焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組操作規(guī)程及相關(guān)技術(shù)文件要求，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)階段的啟動(dòng)由設(shè)備廠家負(fù)責(zé)起動(dòng)。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)起動(dòng)過程中各參數(shù)是否在正常運(yùn)行范圍內(nèi)，瓦斯機(jī)組整體嚴(yán)密性是否合格，沒有出現(xiàn)漏油、漏水、漏氣等情況。同時(shí)熟悉機(jī)組在手動(dòng)、自動(dòng)控制狀態(tài)下的操作控制，查看各動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)是否正常。在焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組額定轉(zhuǎn)速下,完成機(jī)組啟動(dòng)相關(guān)試驗(yàn)。電氣相關(guān)試驗(yàn)主要有空載試驗(yàn)和短路試驗(yàn)，通過試驗(yàn)檢查機(jī)組電壓電流回路準(zhǔn)確性、保護(hù)動(dòng)作情況，錄制發(fā)電機(jī)空載特性曲線及短路特性曲線。瓦斯燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組各運(yùn)行參數(shù)檢查及機(jī)組本體各專業(yè)試驗(yàn)完成后，核對(duì)燃機(jī)發(fā)電側(cè)電壓及系統(tǒng)側(cè)電壓是否滿足同期并網(wǎng)條件。應(yīng)保證機(jī)組發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓、頻率、相位與系統(tǒng)電網(wǎng)數(shù)相近，經(jīng)過出口高壓開關(guān)兩側(cè)核相、假同期試驗(yàn)、手動(dòng)或自動(dòng)準(zhǔn)確，才能同期實(shí)現(xiàn)焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組并網(wǎng)。

　　According to the operating procedures and relevant technical documents for coking gas generator units, the equipment manufacturer is responsible for starting the on-site testing phase. On site inspection was conducted to ensure that all parameters during the start-up process were within the normal operating range, and that the overall tightness of the gas unit was qualified without any oil, water, or gas leaks. At the same time, familiarize oneself with the operation and control of the unit in manual and automatic control states, and check whether various dynamic parameters are normal. Complete the relevant tests for unit start-up at the rated speed of the coking gas generator set. Electrical related tests mainly include no-load tests and short-circuit tests. Through the tests, the accuracy of the voltage and current circuits of the unit, the protection action, and the recording of the generator's no-load characteristic curve and short-circuit characteristic curve are checked. After checking the operating parameters of the gas turbine unit and conducting various professional tests on the unit itself, verify whether the voltage on the generator side and the system side of the gas turbine meet the conditions for synchronous grid connection. It should be ensured that the output voltage, frequency, and phase of the unit generator are similar to the number of power grids in the system. Only after undergoing phase verification and false synchronization tests on both sides of the outlet high-voltage switch, manual or automatic accuracy, can the coking gas generator unit be connected to the grid synchronously.

　　6.試驗(yàn)記錄整理

　　6. Experimental record organization

　　焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組試驗(yàn)及試運(yùn)行記錄按事先準(zhǔn)備好的記錄表格填寫，必須準(zhǔn)確和詳細(xì)，做到每項(xiàng)記錄都有可追溯性。

　　The test and trial operation records of coking gas generator units must be filled out in accordance with the pre prepared record form, which must be accurate and detailed, ensuring traceability for each record.

　　調(diào)試過程注意事項(xiàng)

　　Notes on Debugging Process

　　調(diào)試過程注意事項(xiàng):1.試驗(yàn)過程中送電、送氣及其他工作事宜均由調(diào)試總負(fù)責(zé)人負(fù)責(zé)，做到各系統(tǒng)有序協(xié)調(diào)，專業(yè)調(diào)試人員應(yīng)參加調(diào)試各階段工作的檢查、交接驗(yàn)收等工作。2.焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組在試驗(yàn)過程時(shí)一旦發(fā)生瓦斯泄漏，嚴(yán)禁在運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下用鐵質(zhì)工具對(duì)泄漏點(diǎn)進(jìn)行修理緊固，應(yīng)停機(jī)后將設(shè)備或管道內(nèi)瓦斯排盡后再做處理，同時(shí)在發(fā)電廠區(qū)域內(nèi)嚴(yán)禁吸煙，嚴(yán)禁采用非防爆設(shè)備作業(yè)，嚴(yán)禁動(dòng)火動(dòng)焊作業(yè)。3.電氣試驗(yàn)中對(duì)回路進(jìn)行絕緣測(cè)試時(shí)，應(yīng)將弱電部件斷開或短接，避免損壞弱設(shè)備。嚴(yán)禁帶電拔、插插件，試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后嚴(yán)禁對(duì)相關(guān)保護(hù)及參數(shù)進(jìn)行更改操作，若有更改,應(yīng)及時(shí)通知調(diào)試專業(yè)人員。4.調(diào)試過程中,可能出現(xiàn)瓦斯壓力過大，瓦斯泄漏、電氣故障跳閘等異常情況，應(yīng)制定相應(yīng)的安全保護(hù)措施及應(yīng)急預(yù)案。

　　Precautions for debugging process: 1. During the testing process, the overall person in charge of debugging is responsible for power and air supply, as well as other work matters, to ensure orderly coordination among various systems. Professional debugging personnel should participate in the inspection, handover and acceptance of each stage of debugging work. 2. In case of gas leakage during the testing process of the coking gas generator unit, it is strictly prohibited to use iron tools to repair and tighten the leakage point while in operation. The equipment or pipeline should be drained of gas before treatment after shutdown. Smoking is strictly prohibited in the power plant area, non explosion proof equipment operation is strictly prohibited, and hot work welding operation is strictly prohibited. When conducting insulation tests on circuits in electrical tests, weak electrical components should be disconnected or short circuited to avoid damaging weak equipment. It is strictly prohibited to unplug or plug in with electricity. After the test is completed, it is strictly prohibited to change the relevant protection and parameters. If there are any changes, the debugging professionals should be notified in a timely manner. During the debugging process, there may be abnormal situations such as excessive gas pressure, gas leakage, electrical failure tripping, etc. Corresponding safety protection measures and emergency plans should be formulated.

　　結(jié)束語(yǔ)

　　Conclusion

　　焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組從安裝到并網(wǎng)發(fā)電，涉及到電氣、熱工、機(jī)務(wù)等各專業(yè)調(diào)試，需要各個(gè)專業(yè)相互配合才能實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)組并網(wǎng)發(fā)電。其中電氣系統(tǒng)調(diào)試貫穿干焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組調(diào)試整個(gè)階段。本文也僅僅就電氣專業(yè)調(diào)試程序進(jìn)行了介紹與總結(jié)，許多調(diào)試及維護(hù)工作還需要設(shè)備廠家專業(yè)技術(shù)人員指導(dǎo)才能完成。工程實(shí)踐中還會(huì)接觸到更多不同類型的焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組。每位調(diào)試技術(shù)人員只有不斷學(xué)習(xí)、不斷積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，才能更好地認(rèn)識(shí)、掌握燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組的調(diào)試。

　　The installation and grid connected power generation of coking gas generator units involve various professional debugging such as electrical, thermal, and mechanical engineering, which require mutual cooperation among various professions to achieve grid connected power generation. The electrical system debugging runs through the entire stage of the commissioning of the dry coking gas generator unit. This article only introduces and summarizes the electrical professional debugging program. Many debugging and maintenance tasks still require guidance from professional technical personnel from equipment manufacturers to complete. In engineering practice, we will also come into contact with more different types of coking gas generator units. Only by continuously learning and accumulating experience can each debugging technician better understand and master the debugging of gas turbines.

　　本文由 焦化氣發(fā)電機(jī)組   友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊  http://www.ttyule.net.cn/ 真誠(chéng)的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請(qǐng)期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from a coking gas generator set For more related knowledge, please click http://www.ttyule.net.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.