焦化發(fā)電機組作為將焦化過程產(chǎn)生的能源轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備，其穩(wěn)定運行依賴于各類高性能材料。這些材料依據(jù)不同的功能需求，應(yīng)用于發(fā)電機組的各個部位，下面將從核心部件到輔助結(jié)構(gòu)進行詳細介紹。?

As a key equipment for converting the energy generated during the coking process into electrical energy, the stable operation of coking power generation units relies on various high-performance materials. These materials are applied to various parts of the generator set according to different functional requirements. The following will provide a detailed introduction from core components to auxiliary structures. ?

一、核心動力部件材料?

1、 Core power component materials

（一）汽輪機材料?

（1） Steam turbine materials

汽輪機是將蒸汽的熱能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能的核心設(shè)備，對材料的耐高溫、高強度和耐腐蝕性要求極高。?

The steam turbine is the core equipment that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy, and has extremely high requirements for the material's high temperature resistance, high strength, and corrosion resistance. ?

葉片材料：常用鎳基合金（如 Inconel 718）?

Blade material: commonly used nickel based alloys (such as Inconel 718)

這類合金在高溫下具有優(yōu)異的強度、抗氧化性和抗熱疲勞性能，能在 650℃以上的高溫蒸汽環(huán)境中穩(wěn)定工作，有效抵御蒸汽沖刷和腐蝕。此外，鈦合金也逐漸應(yīng)用于低壓葉片，其密度低、比強度高，可減輕葉片重量，降低轉(zhuǎn)動慣量，提高汽輪機的效率。?

This type of alloy has excellent strength, oxidation resistance, and thermal fatigue resistance at high temperatures, and can work stably in high-temperature steam environments above 650 ℃, effectively resisting steam erosion and corrosion. In addition, titanium alloys are gradually being applied to low-pressure blades, with low density and high specific strength, which can reduce blade weight, lower rotational inertia, and improve the efficiency of steam turbines. ?

缸體材料：多采用鉻鉬釩合金鋼，如 12Cr1MoV，該材料具有良好的高溫強度、韌性和抗蠕變性能，能承受高溫高壓蒸汽的作用，同時在長期運行中保持結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性，減少變形和裂紋的產(chǎn)生。?

Cylinder body material: Chromium molybdenum vanadium alloy steel, such as 12Cr1MoV, is commonly used. This material has good high-temperature strength, toughness, and creep resistance, and can withstand the effects of high-temperature and high-pressure steam. At the same time, it maintains structural stability during long-term operation, reducing deformation and cracking. ?

（二）發(fā)電機材料?

（2） Generator material

發(fā)電機負責(zé)將機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，關(guān)鍵在于電磁材料和結(jié)構(gòu)材料的選擇。?

The generator is responsible for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the key lies in the selection of electromagnetic and structural materials. ?

定子鐵芯材料：主要使用高導(dǎo)磁率的冷軋硅鋼片，如 35Q145，其具有低鐵損、高磁導(dǎo)率的特性，可減少磁滯和渦流損耗，提高發(fā)電機的發(fā)電效率。硅鋼片之間通過絕緣涂層處理，進一步降低渦流損耗。?

Stator core material: High permeability cold-rolled silicon steel sheets, such as 35Q145, are mainly used. They have the characteristics of low iron loss and high magnetic permeability, which can reduce hysteresis and eddy current losses and improve the power generation efficiency of the generator. The silicon steel sheets are treated with insulation coating to further reduce eddy current losses. ?

轉(zhuǎn)子材料：一般采用高強度合金鋼，如 40CrNiMoA，經(jīng)過鍛造和熱處理后，具有良好的綜合機械性能，能夠承受高速旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生的離心力和電磁力。轉(zhuǎn)子表面通常會進行特殊的防護處理，以增強耐磨性和防腐蝕能力。?

Rotor material: High strength alloy steel, such as 40CrNiMoA, is generally used. After forging and heat treatment, it has good comprehensive mechanical properties and can withstand centrifugal and electromagnetic forces generated by high-speed rotation. The rotor surface is usually subjected to special protective treatment to enhance wear resistance and corrosion resistance. ?

繞組材料：采用高純度的電解銅，其導(dǎo)電性能優(yōu)良，電阻小，可減少電能傳輸過程中的損耗。繞組外部包裹耐高溫、絕緣性能好的材料，如聚酰亞胺薄膜，確保電氣絕緣安全。?

Winding material: High purity electrolytic copper is used, which has excellent conductivity and low resistance, and can reduce losses during the transmission of electrical energy. The winding is wrapped with materials that are resistant to high temperatures and have good insulation properties, such as polyimide film, to ensure electrical insulation safety. ?

二、熱能轉(zhuǎn)換與傳輸系統(tǒng)材料?

2、 Materials for Thermal Energy Conversion and Transmission Systems

（一）鍋爐材料?

（1） Boiler materials

鍋爐是將焦化煤氣或其他燃料的化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能的設(shè)備，工作環(huán)境惡劣，對材料要求苛刻。?

A boiler is a device that converts the chemical energy of coking gas or other fuels into thermal energy. It operates in harsh environments and has strict material requirements. ?

受熱面材料：水冷壁管、過熱器管等受熱面部件常用低合金耐熱鋼，如 T91、T23 等。這些鋼材具有良好的高溫強度、抗氧化性和抗腐蝕性能，能在高溫?zé)煔夂透邏核碾p重作用下長期穩(wěn)定運行。例如，T91 鋼的使用溫度可達 600℃，具有較高的許用應(yīng)力和良好的焊接性能。?

Heating surface material: Low alloy heat-resistant steel is commonly used for heating surface components such as water-cooled wall tubes and superheater tubes, such as T91, T23, etc. These steels have good high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance, and can operate stably for a long time under the dual effects of high-temperature flue gas and high-pressure water vapor. For example, T91 steel can be used at temperatures up to 600 ℃, with high allowable stress and good welding performance. ?

爐墻材料：采用多層復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，內(nèi)層為耐火磚或不定形耐火材料，如高鋁質(zhì)耐火磚，其具有高耐火度、良好的熱穩(wěn)定性和抗渣性；中間層為保溫材料，如巖棉、硅酸鋁纖維氈，可有效減少熱量散失；外層為密封材料，如耐火纖維毯和密封涂料，防止煙氣泄漏，保證鍋爐運行的安全性和熱效率。?

Furnace wall material: Adopting a multi-layer composite structure, the inner layer is made of refractory bricks or amorphous refractory materials, such as high alumina refractory bricks, which have high refractoriness, good thermal stability, and slag resistance; The middle layer is made of insulation materials such as rock wool and aluminum silicate fiber felt, which can effectively reduce heat loss; The outer layer is made of sealing materials, such as refractory fiber blankets and sealing coatings, to prevent smoke leakage and ensure the safety and thermal efficiency of boiler operation. ?

（二）管道材料?

（2） Pipeline material

輸送高溫高壓蒸汽和燃氣的管道需要具備良好的耐高溫、高壓和耐腐蝕性能。?

Pipelines transporting high-temperature and high-pressure steam and gas need to have good resistance to high temperature, high pressure, and corrosion. ?

主蒸汽管道：通常選用 P91、P92 等鐵素體 - 馬氏體耐熱鋼，這些鋼材在高溫高壓下具有優(yōu)異的持久強度和抗蠕變性能，可承受高溫蒸汽的長期沖刷和壓力作用。?

Main steam pipeline: Usually, ferritic martensitic heat-resistant steels such as P91 and P92 are selected. These steels have excellent durability and creep resistance under high temperature and high pressure, and can withstand long-term erosion and pressure effects of high-temperature steam. ?

燃氣管道：對于輸送焦化煤氣的管道，多采用不銹鋼材料，如 304L、316L，其具有良好的耐腐蝕性，能抵御煤氣中硫化物、氨等腐蝕性介質(zhì)的侵蝕。在一些特殊場合，還會使用抗氫腐蝕的合金鋼，如 Cr - Mo 鋼，以防止高溫高壓下的氫腐蝕。?

Gas pipeline: For pipelines transporting coking gas, stainless steel materials such as 304L and 316L are commonly used, which have good corrosion resistance and can resist the erosion of corrosive media such as sulfides and ammonia in the gas. In some special occasions, hydrogen resistant alloy steels such as Cr Mo steel are also used to prevent hydrogen corrosion under high temperature and pressure. ?

三、輔助結(jié)構(gòu)與防護材料?

3、 Auxiliary structures and protective materials

（一）支架與底座材料?

（1） Bracket and base materials

發(fā)電機組的支架和底座需要承受設(shè)備的重量和運行時產(chǎn)生的振動，一般采用 Q345B 等低合金高強度結(jié)構(gòu)鋼。該材料強度高、塑性好，能夠保證支架和底座的穩(wěn)定性，同時具有一定的抗震性能，減少設(shè)備運行對基礎(chǔ)的影響。?

The bracket and base of the generator set need to withstand the weight of the equipment and the vibration generated during operation, and generally use low-alloy high-strength structural steel such as Q345B. This material has high strength and good plasticity, which can ensure the stability of the bracket and base, and also has certain seismic performance, reducing the impact of equipment operation on the foundation. ?

（二）防腐與保溫材料?

（2） Anti corrosion and insulation materials

防腐材料：為防止設(shè)備在運行過程中受到環(huán)境介質(zhì)的腐蝕，會在設(shè)備表面涂覆防腐涂料。對于高溫部位，常采用有機硅耐高溫防腐涂料，可在 200 - 600℃的溫度范圍內(nèi)保護金屬表面；對于常溫部位，多使用環(huán)氧富鋅底漆、聚氨酯面漆等防腐涂層體系，形成有效的防護屏障。?

Anti corrosion material: To prevent the equipment from being corroded by environmental media during operation, anti-corrosion coating will be applied to the surface of the equipment. For high-temperature areas, organic silicon high-temperature resistant anti-corrosion coatings are often used to protect metal surfaces within the temperature range of 200-600 ℃; For areas at room temperature, anti-corrosion coating systems such as epoxy zinc rich primer and polyurethane topcoat are commonly used to form effective protective barriers. ?

保溫材料：除了鍋爐爐墻的保溫材料外，管道和設(shè)備表面也會包裹保溫層，如巖棉管殼、聚氨酯泡沫塑料等，以減少熱量損失，降低能源消耗，同時避免人員燙傷，保證操作安全。?

Thermal insulation material: In addition to the thermal insulation material of boiler wall, the surface of pipes and equipment will also be wrapped with thermal insulation layer, such as rock wool pipe shell, polyurethane foam plastic, etc., to reduce heat loss, reduce energy consumption, avoid personnel burns, and ensure safe operation. ?

這些材料相互配合，共同保障焦化發(fā)電機組高效、穩(wěn)定、安全地運行，實現(xiàn)能源的有效轉(zhuǎn)化和利用。，?

These materials work together to ensure the efficient, stable, and safe operation of coking power generation units, achieving effective conversion and utilization of energy. ，?

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